Pharmacotherapy used for alcohol and cocaine use disorders in a CAPS-AD of Minas Gerais

Abstract Substance use disorder is one of the major social and public health problems in the world. The present study analyzed the pharmacoepidemiological profile of patients treated at the Psychosocial Treatment Center for Alcohol and Substance Use Disorders (CAPS-AD) for treatment of alcohol use disorders (AUD), cocaine use disorders (CUD) and concomitant alcohol and cocaine use disorders (A-CUD) in the city of Betim-MG. The study used quantitative and descriptive data and was based on the evaluation of medical records of patients attended from January to December 2016. After analyzing 295 medical records, the majority of study participants were male (83.7 %) with an average age of 46.26 for AUD, 28.88 for CUD and 34.29 for A-CUD. The most prescribed drugs for AUD were diazepam (54.1 %), thiamine (37 %), complex B vitamins (29.5 %), and disulfiram (2.7 %); for CUD, diazepam (26.9 %) and haloperidol (23.1 %). It should be noticed that although contraindicated by the guidelines, chlorpromazine (42.3 %, 25.3 %, 20.3 %) was prescribed for CUD, AUD, and A-CUD respectively. Knowing the pharmacoepidemiological profile of CAPS-AD patients is extremely important for making decisions regarding which medicines to make available to the population.

Abuso de alcohol y sustancias en usuarios en situación calle / Alcohol and substance abuse in street users

En este trabajo de revisión se llama la atención acerca de que los trastornos por dependencia a sustancias representan como conjunto el problema de salud mental más frecuente dentro de la población en situación calle pero que también corresponden a una de sus causas, soliendo asociarse a la alta mortalidad de estas personas. Como aporte al enfrentamiento de este tópico médico y social, se hacen consideraciones relacionadas con las dependencias en esta población acerca de temas como el problema original, las necesidades, el papel de la resiliencia, el fenómeno de la fragilidad neurobiológica y el abordaje de la adicción desde el punto de vista del trauma psíquico. Palabras claves: abuso de alcohol, usuarios en situación calle, esfuerzos terapéuticos.

In this revision work, attention is drawn to the fact that substance-related disorders represent, as a whole, the most frequent mental health problem within the population in a street situation but that they also correspond to one of their causes, usually associated with the high mortality of these people. As a contribution to the confrontation of this medical and social topic, considerations related to dependencies in this population are made about issues such as the original problem, the needs, the role of resilience, the phenomenon of neurobiological fragility and the approach to addiction from the point of view of psychic trauma

Tratamiento del consumo de alcohol y drogas en adolescentes / Treatment of alcohol and drug use among adolescents

El consumo problemático de sustancias entre los adolescentes, presenta tasas de prevalencia considerable a nivel mundial y se constituye en un problema de salud pública, indispensable de ser abordado, considerando la etapa del ciclo vital de esta población. El presente artículo tiene por objetivo, realizar un revisión del estado actual de los tratamientos indicados para los trastornos por abuso o dependencia de sustancias en adolescentes y de los resultados y evidencia que respaldan su efectividad, con el objetivo de orientar tanto a profesionales de la salud, como a los principales actores sociales que se relacionan con estos jóvenes (familiares, escuelas, centros comunitarios), en la posibilidad de optar por intervenciones que se ajusten a las necesidades específicas del joven, según su etapa evolutiva, nivel de desarrollo y su contexto natural más cercano.

Problematic substance use among adolescents presents significant rates worldwide prevalence and constitutes a public health problem, which is essential to be addressed, considering the stage of the life cycle of this population. This article aims, conduct a review of the current state of the indicated treatments for substance use disorders in adolescents, and the results and evidence supporting its effectiveness, with the aim of assisting both professionals health, as major social actors that relate to these young people (family, schools, community centers), the possibility of opting for interventions that meet the specific needs of the young, by evolutionary stage, level of development, and its closest natural context.